Role of magnesium sulphate in ischaemic stroke

To evaluate the role of magnesium sulphate in patients presenting with ischaemic stroke. This experimental type of interventional study was carried out at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Within 24 hours of onset of clinically diagnosed stroke, which was later confirmed by CT scan, patients were randomized to receive either magnesium sulphate [16mmol IV over 15 minutes and 65mmol over 24 hours] or placebo. Their disability was measured by Barthel score at presentation and outcome measured after three months by death and disability and the results were compared between the two groups. Those patients who had a Barthel score of = 12 at three months were considered independent and those with a score of < 12 were considered disabled. The results were analyzed by SPSS. Fifty patients were recruited in the study. 25 patients were randomized to receive MgSO[4] and 25 received placebo. The Barthel score improved from 5.1 +/- 3.3 at presentation to 13.5 +/- 3.4 after three months in all the patients so the re was improvement whether MgSO[4] was given or not. Patients who were randomized to receive MgSO[4] had a lower Barthel score of 4.2 +/- 2.9 as compared to controls 5.9 +/- 3.5, but after three months they improved more than the controls gaining a score of 15.7 +/- 1.9 versus 11.3 +/- 3.2 [p=0.000]. The mortality rate was not statistically different in the two groups. 88% patients had a Barthel score of > 12 at three months in the MgSO[4] and 30% in the control/placebo group. Combined death and disability was 8% in MgSO[4] group and 60% in the control group. Moreover MgSO[4] was well tolerated. Magnesium sulphate therapy was safe in patients presenting with ischaemic stroke irrespective of the site of infarct. It improves prognosis regarding Barthel score at three months as well as the difference in the Barthel score at presentation and at three months. A greater percentage of magnesium treated patients led independent lives after three months

Incidence of acute pyogenic meningitis in infants and children

118 cases of acute pyogenic meningitis were admitted in the department of Paediatrics Liaquat Medical College, Hospitals Jamshoro/ Hyderabad in one year period with prevalence of 1.57% of the total admissions. After selecting the cases on clinical ground were proceeded further to confirm the diagnosis by cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical analysis, gram staining, culture and sensitivity and detection of the antigen of micro-organism by latex agglutination test

Cytological and histological correlation of solitary thyroid nodule

To assess the role of fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAc] in the management of solitary thyroid nodule and to correlate the FNA cytodiagnosis with histopathological results of surgically excised specimens of thyroid. It was a retrospective study. This study was carried out at Jinnah Hospital Lahore in the year 2006. In this period patients files and slides were retrieved from record. Both FNA cytolodiagnosis and histopathological results were correlated. Out of these 64 cases, 5 cases were diagnosed malignant on histology. These were 2 cases of papillary carcinoma, 2 cases of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] and I case of follicular carcinoma I case of NHL and 2 cases of papillary carcinoma were correctly diagnosed on FNA. 1 case of NHL was misdiagnosed as benign cystic lesion of thyroid on FNA and I case in which cytodiagnosis of hyperplastic colloid nodule/follicular neoplasm was made, turned to be follicular carcinoma on histology. In the remaining 59 benign cases, a wide range of overlap was seen among benign thyroid lesions. Despite, the overlap of the spectrum of cytological features of different thyroid lesions, FNA cytological examination of solitary thyroid nodules is strongly recommended

Atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis and its correlation with age, sex and clinical symptoms

The objective of the study was to calculate the frequency of atrial fibrillation of MS and its correlation with age, sex and clinical symptoms. A prospective descriptive study. Mayo Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. 112 patients of mitral stenosis were investigated with an ECG and an echocardiography to confirm mitral stenosis and to measure anteroposterior left atrial dimensions on M-mode. All patients who were suffering from AF due to causes other than mitral stenosis were excluded. The significance of findings were tested through standard "t"test. Atrial fibrillation is more in female patient and has a linear correlation with age. More common symptoms of shortness of breath followed by palpitation

Frequency of atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis and its correlation with left atrial size

Chronic rheumatic heart disease is much the commonest cause of mitral stenosis. Incidence of rheumatic MS parallels that of acute rheumatic fever. Atrial fibrillation usually develops in the presence of pre-existing ECG evidence of left atrial enlargement and is related to the size of the chamber, the extend of fibrosis of the left atrial myocardium, the duration of the atriomegaly and the age of the patient. Descriptive. Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Convenient. 129 consecutive cases of predominant mitral stenosis. 112 cases included in the final workup. The frequency of AF in MS in this study was calculated as 25.9%. The correlation between AF and left atrial size was significant [p = 0.000]. This was plotted on the scattergram [Figure No. 1], which shows a steep rise in the frequency of AF beyond a left atrial size of 70 mm. Frequency of AF in patients with MS is 25.9%. The correlation between AF in MS and left atrial size is significant [p = 0.000]

prevalence and age distribution of ovarian cysts

A prospective study conducted at Lady Willingdon Hospital LHR over two years for prevalence and age distribution of ovarian cyst. According to study 85% ovarian cyst were benign, 13% cyst were malignant while 2% were borderline malignant. The commonest histopathological type was serous cystadenoma. Only age was not the determining factor for the type of the ovarian cyst